Oil and gas have been central to global geopolitics over the eight decades that have followed, shaping the rise of petrostates, helping pay for high-profile football teams and World Cup tournaments, Formula One races and eye-poppingly lucrative golf tournaments, while also being used as a source of oligarch wealth and latterly as a weapon of control for Russia in its relations with Europe and the west following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Anxiety over energy prices has been a crucial factor in the United States’ domestic politics as well as in its foreign, defence and economic affairs,
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