The Holy Spirit was on the move in the 1850s, but what were its designs? For those caught up in the transatlantic revivals, the call was to individual holiness, to embody the “fruit of the Spirit,” and to realize the promise of spiritual power to aid the believer in right living. These aims bridged the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition that emphasized the sovereignty of God and authority of the Bible, and the Wesleyan tradition that placed its emphasis on personal faith and holiness. In the spirit of revival, both centered on the fate of the individual’s soul.
