Hitler shaped the Nazis into a hypernationalist, anti-immigrant, and anti-Semitic party. He used the stab-in-the-back-myths to justify his hatred of Jews and his call to replace the Weimar Republic with a government—and a leader—that could avenge Germany’s economic, military, and political humiliation. “The literal term ‘stab-in-the-back’ (‘Dolchstoss’) does not appear in his autobiography Mein Kampf, but he referred to it in many of his speeches and publications, at times, even verbally,” notes Klaus Schwabe. “Needless to add that other Nazi publications abounded with references to the
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