Other hospitals were giving patients barbiturates, a sedating drug, as well as electroconvulsive therapy and lobotomies. But Dexter believed that “pharmacology has no place in psychiatry.”11 At a medical society conference, when Dexter’s colleague reported that he had lobotomized a patient and cured her in ten days, Dexter objected to the idea of a treatment that didn’t even require self-knowledge. “You can’t say that!”12 Dexter shouted.