Only God can bind the conscience; fellow man cannot, except by divine sanction, command you to do this or that particular thing. Man, as a moral being, is bound only by the natural law (or God’s moral law) as the rule for his action. But the natural law in itself does not prescribe specific action—it must be applied. Applications are necessary in every sphere of life: the civil sphere, the family, and the individual. For the civil sphere, God ordained civil power as a mediator of divine civil rule, authorizing civil rulers to determine applications of natural law for the public good. This was
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