In This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, Naomi Klein describes extractivism in terms that may sound familiar by now: “a nonreciprocal, dominance-based relationship with the earth,”51 a “reduction of life into objects for the use of others, giving them no integrity or value of their own,” and a “reduction of human beings either into labor to be brutally extracted, pushed beyond limits, or, alternatively, into social burden, problems to be locked out at borders and locked away in prisons or reservations.” In other words, abstract people, abstract trees, abstract animals, abstract
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