The reason, according to Takuan, is that the pupil cannot stop watching his opponent and his swordplay; that he is always thinking how he can best come at him, waiting for the moment when he is off his guard. In short, he relies all the time on his art and knowledge. By so doing, Takuan says, he loses his " presence of heart ": the decisive thrust always comes too late and he is unable to " turn his opponent’s sword against him ".
Why the beginner fails
