Philosopher José Medina puts it this way: it is “not uncommon for members of unjust societies to have distorted images of themselves as knowers … interiorizing a superiority complex … with negative epistemic consequences.”68 Among these negative consequences is arrogance, which diminishes openness to facts that challenge your worldview and impedes meaningful reflection and self-correction.69 Epistemic arrogance can also lead to a kind of “cognitive immaturity”—as when grown-ups engage in magical thinking. Such immaturity can become pathological “when the subject becomes absolutely incapable in
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