policies that would sustain Black people’s subjugation. There does not appear to be evidence that Confederates coordinated across a state or even the former slaveholding region. That is why it is best to think of white extremists’ actions as akin to what Scheper-Hughes has called a “small war”—wars that aren’t formally declared and don’t involve official military engagements.12 Unlike a “big war,” whose military engagements are official and unmistakable, individual assaults in a “small” one may seem so inconsequential that they become normalized. But the cumulative effect of incessant attacks
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