Hacking will become even more disruptive as we increasingly implement artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems. These are computer systems, which means they will inevitably be hacked in the same ways that all computer systems are. They affect social systems—already AI systems make loan, hiring, and parole decisions—which means those hacks will consequently affect our economic and political systems. More significantly, machine-learning processes that underpin all of modern AI will result in the computers performing the hacks.

