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Symptoms are subjective experiences that a patient must tell someone about.
Symptoms can include things such as moods, thoughts, or experiences of pain or numbness.
Mental disorders can also include things that seem more “physical” than “mental,” like sleep disturbances, slowed movements, fatigue, and hyperactivity.
syndrome is a cluster of signs and symptoms
AIDS—acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
In psychiatry, every diagnosis is a syndrome.
Without a clear cause, we end up treating symptoms as opposed to disorders.
symptomatic treatments. They are designed to reduce symptoms, which can help people feel better, but they don’t directly change the course of the illness.
correlation is a relationship or connection between two things, or variables.
If two variables are correlated, it might imply a cause-and-effect relationship,
Correlation does not equal causation.
Correlations can also reveal a common pathway or, sometimes, a common root cause.
share a common pathway—inflammation. Inflammation is part of the body’s process of healing tissue and/or fighting off an attack, and it occurs whenever the immune system is activated.
an antihistamine in those with allergies—but
mental illness involves changes or abnormalities in emotions, cognition, motivation, and/or behaviors resulting in distress or problems functioning in life.
Anxiety disorders were most common, followed by mood disorders, then impulse control disorders, which include diagnoses like ADHD.
many would assume the autism spectrum disorder came first, and that the social anxiety was an understandable consequence of the autism.
“Diabetes is a disease that often shows itself in families in which insanity prevails.”
Are people no longer capable of self-discipline? Do they just not care about their health?
some might say it’s society. The faster pace of everything and the demands of that pace. The stress of modern life.
Mental disorders—all of them—are metabolic disorders of the brain.
Some believe mental illnesses are biologically based, that they arise from a chemical imbalance. They prescribe medications and have seen them work.
Other professionals are focused on psychological and social issues.
some mental disorders involve psychological and social issues; correcting these issues without any pills can solve the problem, at least for some patients.
mental disorders are metabolic disorders of the brain.
impact is bigger than just mental health. This theory ties together medical disciplines
all the risk factors for mental and metabolic disorders are the same.
biological, psychological, and social factors, ranging from things like diet and exercise, smoking, drug and alcohol use, and sleep . . . to hormones, inflammation, genetics, epigenetics, and the gut microbiome. The list also extends to relationships, love, having meaning and purpose in life, and stress levels. You
mitochondria, which are the master regulators of metabolism.
Metabolism is the process of turning food into energy or building blocks for growing and maintaining cells, as well as the appropriate and efficient management of waste products.
metabolism is the body’s battle to stay alive.
Metabolism is how our body creates and uses energy.
Glucose is the primary fuel source for cells.
In diabetes, cells have trouble converting glucose into energy.
Getting glucose from the bloodstream into cells requires insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas.
People are getting to where they need to go. The city is alive. It has energy; you can see it flow. This is the way to think about metabolism in the human body.
development, function, and maintenance of cells—ultimately depend upon one thing: metabolism.
what affects metabolism? Just like traffic in the city, many things! Diet, light, sleep, exercise, drugs and alcohol, genes, hormones, stress, neurotransmitters, and inflammation, to name a few.
metabolism is, in fact, the only way to connect the dots of mental illness.
difference between normal mental states (especially stressful and adverse ones) and a mental disorder.
one of the dilemmas in the mental health field is distinguishing between normal human emotions and mental disorders, especially since the symptoms can be the same.
Mental states are adaptive reactions to adversity. Mental disorders represent the brain malfunctioning.
biological, psychological, and social factors are all interconnected and inseparable.
Biology influences our psychology and how we get along with others. But our psychology and our interactions with other people influence our biology.
Humans are meant to live in groups. We seek out and attach to other people—parents, lovers, children, friends, teachers, and community members.
These connections form a network of safety and support in our lives.
We are biologically driven to want, and even nee...
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While we must live with other people, other people are actually the primary sources of psych...
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stressors revolve around relationships, roles, resources, an...
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People can be stressed over expectations on them, financial problems, performance problems, relationship ...
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