Chip War: The Fight for the World's Most Critical Technology

by Chris Miller

Having worked in Texas and California as well as in Taiwan, Chiang was always struck by the ambition and the work ethic that drove TSMC. The ambition stemmed from Morris Chang’s vision of world-beating technology, evident in his willingness to spend huge sums expanding TSMC’s R&D team from 120 people in 1997 to 7,000 in 2013. This hunger permeated the entire company. “People worked so much harder in Taiwan,” Chiang explained. Because manufacturing tools account for much of the cost of an advanced fab, keeping the equipment operating is crucial for profitability. In the U.S., Chiang said, if something broke at 1 a.m., the engineer would fix it the next morning. At TSMC, they’d fix it by 2 a.m. “They do not complain,” he explained, and “their spouse does not complain” either. With Chiang back in charge of R&D, TSMC charged forward toward EUV. He had no difficulty finding employees to work all night long. He requested that three EUV scanners for testing purposes be built in the middle of one of the company’s biggest facilities, Fab 12, and in the company’s partnership with ASML he spared no expense in testing and improving EUV tools.