Makaza said that he typically produced between forty and fifty kilograms of heterogenite each day by digging in the large pits or along the pit walls, for which he was paid 2,000–2,500 Congolese francs (CF) (about $1.10–$1.40). I asked who exactly paid him, and Makaza said, “The men from CHEMAF.” Makaza lamented that the paltry income was insufficient to meet his family’s needs.
