Instead, police contribute to violence by capturing the resources communities need to survive and thrive, and by perpetrating violence daily, including the kinds of violence most often used to justify their existence. Far from distant history, the roots of policing in colonial militias, “Indian constables,” slave patrols, and municipal police departments created to police gender, sexuality, poverty, and migration, quash labor organizing, and quell dissent continue to shape their present-day practices.85 Cops kill over a thousand people a year,86 and rape, beat, maim, Tase, assault, harm,
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