William Shakespeare saw the problem to its depths early on. He understood not only what the Reformation meant but what it was going to mean as the idea of it unfolded in the centuries to come. That, I think, is what the play Hamlet is about. As Shakespeare scholar Stephen Greenblatt writes in his book Hamlet in Purgatory, it’s a story in which “a young man from Wittenberg, with a distinctly Protestant temperament, is haunted by a distinctly Catholic ghost.”

