This distinct and intensive, but still far from universal, spell of post-1950 globalization—which ended in 1973–1974 with OPEC’s two rounds of oil price increases and which was followed by 15 years of relative stagnation—was enabled by a combination of four fundamental technical advances. These were the rapid adoption of much more powerful and efficient designs of diesel engines; the introduction (and even faster diffusion) of a new prime mover, the gas turbine used for the propulsion of jetliners; superior designs for intercontinental shipping (massive bulk carriers for liquids and solids,
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