while the insurers were able to pass a large chunk of their losses to clients in the form of higher premiums, the attacks presented a more fundamental threat to the business models of everyone involved. The modern evolution of shipping had been, in large part, about predictability: ironing out the uncertainties of the sea in order to all but guarantee that products would arrive where and when they were supposed to, and for an affordable price. The Gulf of Aden was vital to many of those journeys, and pirates operating there had severely undermined the confidence that the industry depended
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