Julia Monk and her colleagues have criticized the base assumption underlying the Darwinian paradox. They argue that it “implicitly assumes that ‘heterosexual’ or exclusive different-sex sexual behavior is the baseline condition for animals, from which same-sex sexual behavior has evolved.” The research includes unchecked assumptions about the costs, benefits, and origins of homosexual behavior. Specifically, they argue that the assumption that heterosexual behavior is the ancestral, natural state of animals has not been rigorously examined. It is an assumption which creates the need for
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