Nobody can be sure how European Jewry would have fared if Hitler had not declared war on the United States on December 11, or on some later date. The Soviet Jews under Nazi control had already been murdered, and so had many others. But most European Jews were still alive, and Hitler’s plans for them were closely connected to his relationship with the United States. The deportation of the central and western European Jews had been planned some time before December 11, 1941, but as Hitler’s remarks on December 12 show, their situation deteriorated markedly from that day.