As Whitehead observes, life itself is comparatively deficient in survival value. The art of persistence is to be dead. Only inorganic things persist for great lengths of time … The problem set by the doctrine of evolution is to explain how complex organisms with such deficient survival power ever evolved. They certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them. It may be possible to explain “the origin of species” by the doctrine of the struggle for existence among such organisms. But certainly this struggle throws no light whatever upon the emergence of
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