Ethereum has its detractors, who level three primary criticisms: its processing fees are too high, its processing times are too long, and its programming language is too difficult. Some entrepreneurs have chosen to address one or all of these problems by constructing competing blockchains, such as Solana and Avalanche. Other entrepreneurs instead built what are called “Layer 2” blockchains on top of Ethereum (the Layer 1). These Layer 2 blockchains effectively operate as “mini-blockchains,” and use their own programming logic and network to manage a transaction.
