Medicine treats women differently from the way it treats men, as Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English show in For Her Own Good: Two Centuries of the Experts’ Advice to Women, and gender has real implications for medical care—mostly negative ones, if you’re a woman. Until recently, most medical research was performed almost exclusively on cisgender men and male animals. A 2011 study found that male mice were overwhelmingly used in four fifths of the fields studied. Researchers do not include female mice in their studies, The New York Times noted, because of concern that “the hormonal cycles
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