In Leopoldstadt, a special procedure was employed. The cardholder, having had their card stamped, was taken into a room with a photographer and several male and female assistants. After being photographed, head and shoulders, the applicant had to strip naked. “Despite their utmost reluctance,” one witness recorded, “people had to undress completely . . . in order to be taken again from all sides.” They were fingerprinted and measured, “during which the men obviously measured the women, hair strength was measured, blood samples taken and everything written down and enumerated.”34 Every Jew was
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