the Dunning-Kruger effect. It describes the propensity of people with lower-than-average ability at a given task to overestimate their ability at that task. Their research involved studies assessing participants’ actual and perceived abilities in humor, grammar, and logical reasoning. Their paper, titled “Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments,” described how across domains, the least skilled are often the most overconfident
