In a study of 380 pairs of mothers and babies in New York, where Sandy made landfall on October 29th, doctoral candidate Jessica Buthmann and Professor Yoko Nomura found that babies whose families experienced higher levels of disaster-related stress (such as loss of electricity or phone service) experienced more negative emotions at six months of age than babies exposed to less stress. Babies whose families had gone longer without support during the crises—such as restored electricity, restored phone service, and financial support—expressed more distress,
