An avid military historian and extremist right in his personal politics, Willoughby had escaped from the Philippines with MacArthur. “He was basically a historian rather than an intelligence officer,” judged Kenney, who considered Willoughby a friend and thought highly of him as an analyst. Jealous of any perceived slight by colleagues or encroachment on his intelligence bailiwick, an administrative empire builder par excellence, Willoughby was obsequiously loyal to MacArthur, who tended to favor sycophancy over effectiveness from staff members. For all of Willoughby’s undeniable intellectual
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