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July 6, 2024 - January 21, 2025
depression,
anxiety,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
nicotine depe...
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eating disorders,...
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major mental health problem
chronic headaches
cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary,
multiplies
who also suffer from depressive
develop in early adulthood
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
Unstable and intense interpersonal relationships. Lack of clear sense of identity. Impulsiveness in potentially self-damaging behaviors, such as substance abuse, sex, shoplifting, reckless driving, binge eating. Recurrent suicidal threats or gestures, or self-mutilating behaviors. Severe mood shifts and extreme reactivity to situational stresses. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Frequent and inappropriate displays of anger. Transient, stress-related feelings of unreality or paranoia.
Mood instability (criteria 1, 6, 7, and 8). Impulsivity and dangerous uncontrolled behavior (criteria 4 and 5). Interpersonal psychopathology (criteria 2 and 3). Distortions of thought and perception (criterion 9).
Mood changes come swiftly, explosively, carrying the borderline individual from the heights of joy to the depths of depression.
“emotional hemophilia”;
BPD people typically paint a confused or contradictory self-portrait, in contrast to other
Such patients are more vulnerable to other medical illnesses and are more likely to exhibit alterations in hormonal, inflammatory, genetic, and other neurobiological processes.
primary defense mechanism
Most individuals can experience ambivalence and perceive two contradictory feeling states at one time; those with BPD characteristically shift back and forth, entirely unaware of one emotional state while immersed in another.
finds it extremely difficult to gauge the optimal psychic distance from others, particularly significant others. To compensate, he caroms back and forth from clinging dependency to angry manipulation, from gushes of gratitude to fits of irrational anger.
But a highly competitive or unstructured job or a highly critical supervisor can trigger the intense, uncontrolled anger and the hypersensitivity to rejection to which she is susceptible. The rage can permeate the workplace and literally destroy a career.
Almost 75 percent of individuals with BPD experience some dissociative phenomena.21
The borderline individual does not accept her own intelligence, attractiveness, or sensitivity as constant traits, but rather as comparative qualities to
be continually re-earned and judged against others’.
Self-esteem is attained only through impressing others, so pleasing others becomes critical to loving herself.
Even sexual identity can be a source of confusion in the borderline experience.
substance abuse, sexual promiscuity,
reckless driving,
excessive sp...
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behavior is both a cry for help and a self-imposed punishment for being “bad.”
many as 75 percent of BPD patients have a history of self-mutilation, and the vast majority of those have made at least one suicide attempt.
most common type of self-harm is cutting,
self-beating,
the frequent threats or halfhearted suicide attempts are not a wish to die but rather a way to communicate pain and a plea for others to intervene.
Unfortunately, when habitually repeated, these suicidal gestures often lead to just the opposite scenario—others get fed up and stop responding, which may result in progressively more serious attempts.
can result in endless unproductive confrontations; ignoring it can result in death
many of the defining criteria for BPD diminish over time, including self-harming threats, the risk of suicide persists throughout the life cycle.
childhood history of sexual abuse are ten times more likely to attempt suicide.53 BPD is the only medical diagnosis partially defined by self-injuring behavior.
Often, self-mutilation begins as an impulsive self-punishing action, but over time it may become a studied, ritualistic procedure. In such instances the borderline patient may
carefully scar body areas that are covered by clothing—which illustrates his intense ambivalence: he feels compelled to flamboyantly self-punish, yet he carefully conceals the evidence of his tribulation.
the increasing fascination with tattoos and piercings over the past three decades may be less a fashion trend than a reflection of ...
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deny feeling pain during self-mutilation and even report a calm euphoria after it.
Before hurting themselves, they may experience great tension, anger, or overwhelming sadness; afterward there is a sensation of discharge and relief from anxiety, like the release that occurs when one is building a higher and higher tower of blocks that eventually teeters and collapses.
Borderline anger may represent a cry for help, a testing of devotion, or a fear of intimacy—whatever
Degradation. Constantly devaluing the child’s achievements and magnifying misbehavior. After a while, the child becomes convinced that he really is bad or worthless.
Motherrrrr
Unavailability/Neglect. Psychologically absent parents show little interest in the child’s development and provide no affection in times of need.
Fatherrrrrr
Domination. Use of extreme threats to control the child’s behavior. Some child development experts have compared this form of abuse to the techniques used by terrorists to brainwash captives.
Fatherrrrrrr
