Toni Morrison wrote critically about Ernest Hemingway’s racial politics in his novel To Have and Have Not. She argued: These tourists in Havana meet a native of that city and have a privileged status because they are white. But to assure us that this status is both deserved and, by implication, potently generative, they encounter a molesting, physically inferior black male (his inferiority is designated by the fact that Harry does not use his fists but slaps him) who represents the outlaw sexuality that, by comparison, spurs the narrative to contemplation of a superior, legal white
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