The US legal system is replete with procedurally unfair practices in how the law is applied. One immigration law judge in New York grants 6 percent of applications received while a colleague grants 91 percent.21 The same problems exist with how judges adjudicate Social Security disability dispute claims: some judges reverse administrative decisions about entitlements 10 percent of the time and others up to 90 percent of the time.22 A review of this body of work finds similar inconsistencies in how US authorities decide on patent applications, enforce Medicaid standards in nursing homes, make
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