Beccaria developed ideas about what drives our fear of punishment. He articulated three core elements of deterrence. The first is the severity of the punishment. The more severe the punishment, the more likely people will fear it. The second is the certainty of the punishment. The more likely rule breakers are to get caught and punished, the more likely people will fear punishment. And third is the swiftness or promptness of the punishment. The longer the time lag between breaking rules and receiving punishment, the less people will fear punishment and the less it will deter them. For
