the past few years, a growing body of Russian literature—very little of it translated into English—has examined why the United States won the Cold War. As many Russians now understand, they did not lose on a conventional battlefield. They lost in the hearts and minds of Russians, Eastern Europeans, and others across the globe who became disillusioned with the disastrous performance of communism. As the Russian military theorist Igor Panarin wrote, Russia lost the information war. George Kennan was right, Panarin said: “It was Kennan, a person who lived in Russia for many years, who accurately
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