Yet ISIS thrives. The caliphate is no longer confined to the Middle East, now numbering nine outposts flourishing in distant locations like Nigeria, Libya, and Pakistan. Revenue from kidnappings and captured oil fields is considerable, paying for the arms necessary to wage jihad. Attacks such as the downing of a Russian airliner the previous October, which killed all 224 passengers, as well as terror events in Paris, Brussels, and Tunisia excite the faithful. New recruits pour in from around the world, easily replacing the more than one thousand fighters killed each month—at least fifty of
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