Elaborating on the inevitability of a vivisection, given the historical differences between the communities, the series of political developments related to communal politics and the flip-flop statements of the Congress leaders, in particular, Majumdar sums up: This was emphasized by the separate electorate, originally devised by Minto, but later accepted by the Congress. Since then, the Congress had, in practice if not in theory, recognized the two-nation theory propounded by Syed Ahmed in the 19th Century and Jinnah in the 20th. As far back as 1934 the Congress pledged itself to reject any
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