Think of the first electronic computer, executing Alan Turing’s codebreaking algorithms in Bletchley Park in 1945. A decade later, there were still only 264 computers in the world, many costing tens of thousands of dollars a month to rent.8 Six decades on, there are more than 5 billion computers in use – including smartphones, the supercomputers in our pockets. Our kitchen cupboards, storage boxes and attics are littered with computing devices – at only a few years old, already too outdated for any modern application.
