The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention meant neither the brass nor the spooks could legally research or produce bioweapons. But the convention left open the loophole that signatories could develop “dual use” vaccine and weapon technologies so long as the projects had a defensive rationale. After the anthrax attacks, “vaccines” suddenly became a euphemism for bioweapons and a ticket back to deep water for a beached biowarfare industry. Military planners at the Pentagon, BARDA, DARPA, and the CIA (through USAID) began pouring money into “gain-of-function” experiments. “Dual use” research was
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