Between 2001 and 2014, the United States spent around $80 billion on biodefense. Since germ weaponry was still illegal, vaccines became a critical euphemism for the revival of the multibillion-dollar bioweapons industry. Pentagon sources told Science Magazine that the military was applying for “a sweeping overhaul of how the federal government develops vaccines to protect both the military and civilians.”69 The Pentagon’s assault on the vaccine space was both an opportunity and threat to Dr. Fauci and NIAID.