According to Callen, “We asked him—no, we begged him—to issue interim guidelines urging physicians to prophylax those patients deemed at high risk for PCP (pneumonia) [with Bactrim or aerosol pentamidine]. Although it would not have cost the government much to have done so, he steadfastly refused to issue such guidelines. His reason: no data. So, the Catch-22 was complete and many people died of PCP who didn’t have to.”43