In 2010, Gates funded a MenAfriVac campaign in sub-Saharan Africa. Gates operatives forcibly vaccinated thousands of African children against meningitis, causing approximately 50 of 500 vaccinated children to develop paralysis.47 Citing additional abuses, South African newspapers declared, “We are guinea pigs for the drug makers.”48 Professor Patrick Bond, a political economist who served in Nelson Mandela’s South African government, describes Gates’s unseemly business—philanthropic practices and the agenda of the Gates Foundation—as “ruthless and immoral.”