Nanotube circuitry was controversial when I discussed it in 1999, but there has been dramatic progress in the technology over the past six years. Two major strides were made in 2001. A nanotube-based transistor (with dimensions of one by twenty nanometers), operating at room temperature and using only a single electron to switch between on and off states, was reported in the July 6, 2001, issue of Science.10 Around the same time, IBM also demonstrated an integrated circuit with one thousand nanotube-based transistors.11 More recently, we have seen the first working models of nanotube-based
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