Subsequent research has strongly criticized the findings of this study, leading many in the field to reject the idea that intertemporal choice reflects a competition between impatient and patient brain systems. Leading this charge has been Joe Kable, a neuroscientist at the University of Pennsylvania. Joe’s early work (with the pioneering neuroeconomics researcher Paul Glimcher) showed that, rather than being explained in terms of bias toward immediate outcomes, the so-called impatient regions in McClure’s study were simply responding to the subjective value of the decisions, which differed
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