kh, gh, ćh, jh, ṭh, ḍh, th, dh, ph and bh.34 The difference between the Hindi word bāt, ‘thing’ or ‘word’, and bhāt, ‘boiled rice’, is the hiss after the b that we call aspiration. These aspirated sounds do not exist outside the Indian subcontinent, and they are also not found in any of the Dravidian languages, except in Sanskrit loanwords,
