By 1097, however, things were looking more promising for the crusaders, as better-organized armies commanded by lords and staffed by knights began to appear in Byzantine territory. These, at least, were serious warriors. Among the leaders of this so-called Princes’ Crusade were Raymond, Count of Toulouse; the French king’s brother Hugh of Vermandois; William the Conqueror’s son Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy; Robert, Count of Flanders; and a pair of ambitious brothers called Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne.
