for more small-scale fighting within the west itself. Frankish elites were increasingly tied to their rulers and rewarded for their loyalty with grants of land. They defended their territories by fighting one another. We will explore in more detail later how this changed aristocratic warrior culture. But in simple terms, the consequence was a sharp rise in lethal violence between Christian warriors, and a concomitant desire among those warriors to make sure that they did not go to hell for their sins.
