there were powerful figures both inside and outside the universities who found the new spirit of intellectual inquiry to be as much a menace as a force for good. Not least among them was Bernard of Clairvaux. His monastic order, the Cistercians, were almost by definition hostile to book learning. And Bernard in particular—a mystic, rather than a scholar—was more or less allergic to any system of study that deviated from unquestioning adoration of scripture.
