Rivalry between dukes of Normandy and kings of France would be a pronounced and important feature of the eleventh- and twelfth-century political landscape in the west, especially after the year 1066, when Rollo’s great-great-great-grandson, William “the Bastard” of Normandy, launched his invasion of England, sending a flotilla of ships across the Channel to kill his rival Harold Godwinsson and seize the English crown.*
