Most obviously these included the kingdoms of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. There were also notable Viking-ruled kingdoms around the North Sea and Irish Sea (ranging from the small island kingdom of Orkney and the Irish kingdom of Dublin to the massive Danelaw, which consisted of much of modern England) as well as the Kievan Rus’, a vast patchwork of territories in modern Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine that was ruled over by the Viking Rurik dynasty, whose roots lay in eastern Sweden.
