The interior of a computer chip is much more clean and stable than brain tissue, so all that parallelism won’t be necessary. This will allow for more efficient computation, so it’s plausible that a mind could be simulated with even fewer than 1014 operations per second. But because it remains unclear how much parallelism brains have, I use this larger estimate to be conservative. Theoretically, then, a perfectly efficient one-liter nanologic computer would provide the equivalent of about 10,000 times 10 billion human beings (or about 100 trillion human beings) in terms of brain capability. To
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