GIVE A HEADLINE SUMMARY Playing back what we have heard may sound easy enough in theory, but how do we know exactly what to highlight in the moment? Aim for a headline summary or bullet point recap—the TL;DR or executive summary version of what you’ve heard. Keep things short and sweet (e.g., a sentence) to make it easier for your conversation partner to quickly weigh in on whether you’ve gotten it right. Think like a beginner and use simple terms everyone can understand as you summarize to ensure terminology doesn’t obscure the crux of the issue. For example, instead of saying, “So, your
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