Incorporate new information. If we cling to existing knowledge—of our conversation partner’s feelings, intentions, mood, or point of view—without making way for new understanding, we may be perceived as stubborn, out of touch, inflexible, or even ignorant. Give others a chance to surprise and inform your thinking in conversation. Make the necessary space to receive new information: show your conversation partner you are listening through nonverbals like eye contact and nodding, and by expressing affirmations (Yes, go on.). Pay attention to your conversation partner’s behavior—verbal and
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