Until Justice Be Done: America's First Civil Rights Movement, from the Revolution to Reconstruction

by Kate Masur

In 1793, it passed a law that required all free African Americans to register with town or county clerks who would record their names, sex, color, and age, and issue them certificates showing their status. That same year, Virginia lawmakers banned free people of color from moving into the state, a policy that other slave states soon emulated.21

First state referenced is Ohio